Low-altitude aircraft are central to national security and the low-altitude economy， and high-performance structural components serve as their critical load-bearing elements. Achieving high performance， lightweight design， low-cost， large-scale， and rapid manufacturing has long been a major challenge and pain point for the industry. To address these issues， this paper discusses the key technologies for the design and manufacturing of high-performance fiber-reinforced composite structural components. It focuses on analyzing challenges such as the lack of design theories for structural components， especially non-standard ones， high manufacturing costs， and low production efficiency， and explores the application of digital simulation and forward design in precision design. The paper provides an in-depth discussion of structural component preform molding， liquid molding， precision machining， and composite processes， and proposes solutions to bottlenecks and obstacles in end-to-end automated manufacturing. It identifies automated production lines based on embodied intelligence and flexible manufacturing as the inevitable path to breaking through cost bottlenecks and achieving rapid manufacturing， aiming to provide theoretical foundations and technical support for the high-performance， lightweight， low-cost， and large-scale rapid manufacturing of structural components for Chinese low-altitude aircraft.