Based on technical characteristics of current airbags for aircraft recovery， this paper studies the airbag cushion process by thermodynamic theory and the finite element method in order to satisfy the design of aircraft recovery. Through experimental comparative analysis， the feasibility of the two method is verified. Through the response surface method， it is concluded that the unloading pressure is the main factor for the maximum overload of the aircraft， and the size of the unloading port is the main factor for the landing speed of the aircraft. Finally， the buffering effect of aircraft with double airbag is studied under the deviation of mass center and pitch angle. The results show that the mass center has little impact on overload and speed， while the pitch angle has a greater impact on it. During the airbag design process， the remaining height need be pay attention to after the airbag buffer， in order to adapt the influence of the deviation of mass center and pitch angle. By those methods， it is helpful for aircraft airbag design and plays a guiding role in engineering applications.