A novel weaving approach is proposed to fabricate T-shaped composite specimens featuring multiple structural configurations on a three-dimensional weaving machine through a single threading process. This method employs a profiled zonal threading strategy combined with specifically designed shedding sequences to embed weft yarns into the warp layers. By optimizing the weft paths， the rib and web sections of the T-shaped preform are integrally formed in a single operation. T-shaped carbon fiber composite components are fabricated and subjected to Charpy impact tests at an impact energy of 7.5 J. Thus， the effects of different weave structures and warp tensions on the impact performance are investigated. Comparative analysis of nine types of specimens reveal that， under identical warp tension conditions， the shallow-interlaced structure exhibits the highest peak impact load， approximately 37% and 20% greater than those of the orthogonal and the shallow-interlaced with backing warp structures， respectively； the shallow-interlaced with backing warp structure demonstrats superior energy absorption capability， achieving the highest energy absorption efficiency under both 0.6 N and 1.1 N warp tensions； in contrast， the orthogonal structure shows pronounced sensitivity to warp tension， with its total absorbed energy increasing by approximately 52% as warp tension rises. The results indicate that lower weft buckling and smaller warp tension enhance peak impact load， whereas higher weft buckling and greater warp tension improve total energy absorption. These findings provide a theoretical basis and experimental insight for the structural design and performance optimization of T-shaped composite components.