To address the limitations of traditional vented airbags in cushioning performance and the complexity of active control， this study proposes a variable-caliber multi-hole vented airbag based on gradient material regulation， aiming to enhance cushioning efficiency and adaptability. Simulation models of single-， double-， and triple-vent structures are constructed， explicit transient algorithms are employed to solve fluid-structure interactions during impact， and its accuracy is verified through experiments. Results indicate that optimized three-layer parameters can effectively reduce the risk of tearing， with the maximum platform acceleration decreasing to 14.9g compared with that before optimization. Peak accelerations for double- and triple-vent designs are 32.2% and 40.3% lower than the single-vent model， respectively. Gradient-strength fabrics enables stress gradation， concentrating stress on the third-layer periphery and upper vent regions. This study demonstrates the adaptability of the variable-caliber multi-hole structure to airdrop missions with different load capacities， providing a theoretical basis for the lightweight design of the buffer system of airdrop equipment and the adaptive adjustment of vented holes.