This study explores the microstructural evolution and mechanical property enhancement of wire arc additive manufacturing （WAAM） nickel-aluminum bronze （NAB） by combining laser shock peening （LSP） and annealing heat treatments. The influence of various processing conditions on the material’s microstructure and surface mechanical properties is investigated. The findings reveal that LSP refines the surface grains， leading to a notable increase in microhardness from 182 HV to 223.5 HV and the formation of a compressive residual stress layer reaching up to 572 MPa. Subsequent heat treatment optimizes the phase structure through static recrystallization， aiding grain boundary reconstruction by utilizing the dislocation energy introduced by LSP. This dual treatment approach maintains near-surface hardening effects while adjusting overall surface hardness to 202 HV and effectively alleviating residual stress. The study aims to offer insights into surface strengthening strategies for WAAM-produced NAB and broaden the potential application of LSP and heat treatment in additively manufactured metallic materials.