For over half a century， rotor dynamic stall has remained a key research focus and challenge in helicopter aerodynamics. Through persistent and in-depth exploration， researchers have achieved significant progress in measurement and prediction of rotor dynamic stall， understanding of flow mechanisms， flow control， and rapid modeling. This paper first reviews the development of experimental measurement techniques and numerical analysis methods for dynamic stall， summarizes current technical capabilities， and analyzes future directions for these two technologies. Subsequently， the research progress in dynamic stall mechanisms is systematically examined at multiple levels including rotor airfoils， finite wings， and rotors， with critical analysis and summarization of existing studies that clearly identifies current research limitations and challenges. The paper then elaborates on the current status of rotor dynamic stall flow control methods， comparing the respective advantages， disadvantages， and development potential of active versus passive flow control approaches. Finally， the evolution of semi-empirical dynamic stall models is discussed， particularly highlighting how the rapidly advancing artificial intelligence technology in recent years has created new opportunities for reducing reliance on experimental data while improving prediction accuracy and efficiency in semi-empirical models. Advanced analysis techniques such as modal decomposition， data-driven approaches， and machine learning have injected new vitality into the research on the dynamic stall of helicopter rotors， promoting the development of related research. It is foreseeable that artificial intelligence technology will play a crucial role in future studies of rotor dynamic stall.