Foundation model has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the military field due to its powerful capabilities in natural language understanding， logical reasoning， and text generation. This paper reviews related technologies of large language models， including architectural and modeling， adaption and fine-tuning， and prompting and learning， as well as the current status of the development of typical multimodal foundation models. It conducts a deep analysis of the characteristics of mainstream domestic and international military application platforms that utilize foundation models， and designs typical task scenarios and capability requirements for military applications of large models. Then， challenges of military foundation models are discussed. Finally， the key common technologies in military applications are summarized. Hopefully， our work can be beneficial for the design of significant military applications based on foundation model technologies and researches of actual combat.