With the rapid development of multi-antenna technologies， complex and variable environments， as well as high energy consumption， will be the main problems for the current and future wireless communications. Movable antenna （MA） technology， with the advantages of signal power enhancement， interference suppression， flexible beamforming， and spatial multiplexing brought by the mobility of antennas， is committed to providing new ideas for adaptive adjustment of low-energy and efficient communication environments， attracting widespread attention from the academic community and achieving rapid development. Firstly， the paper summarizes the fundamental principles and technical characteristics of MA. Then， the technical advantages of MA are summarized according to the specific application scenarios. Finally， the potential technical challenges of MA techniques are provided based on the existing work， and the research direction of MA techniques is further discussed and explored. The research and development of MA will further promote mobile communication technology innovation and help 6G communication enter a new stage of multi-technology integration in new scenarios and multiple demands.