For the life calculation of pavement under the combined action of aircraft load and temperature coupling field， the recommended values of the maximum temperature gradient of pavement with different thicknesses are obtained through the accurate measurement of the temperature distribution based on the pavement depth. The loading parameters of the simulated temperature field are determined. Based on the analysis of a large number of simulation tests， the sensitivity of soil modulus， pavement slab thickness， and temperature difference factors to the stress on the pavement slab is analyzed. The correlation model between temperature stress and the temperature difference is established， and its effectiveness is verified through examples. The simulation load test analysis of aircraft and the temperature coupling is conducted at the critical load level of the pavement. The results show that the coupling stress generated under the combined action of temperature gradient and aircraft load is less than the sum of temperature warping stress and load stress， with a difference of 4.93%. Based on the principle of stress damage accumulation under the coupling action of load and temperature， the residual allowable number of actions of pavement is calculated， the pavement residual life evaluation model under the coupling field is constructed， and an example is applied to provide a theoretical reference for improving the relevant research in the field of pavement structure design.