In the short-time and burst communication for moving platforms， the number of training sequences and pilots is limited in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system because the structure of frames is short. And it is hard for a single algorithm to meet the requirements of the large range and high precision of symbol and carrier synchronization. This paper proposes an improved symbol and carrier synchronization algorithm for the OFDM system with the help of the short training sequence and pilot information. The algorithm implements the large range carrier synchronization and the high precision symbol synchronization through the process of coarse symbol synchronization， coarse frequency synchronization， fine frequency synchronization and fine symbol synchronization. Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the OFDM synchronization accuracy of the short-time and burst communication for moving platforms.