A new type of short centerline probe is designed to measure the core flow Mach number in the 0.6 m×0.6 m continuous transonic wind tunnel. In order to study the influence of different transonic test sections on the measured results of the short centerline probe， the influence of the short centerline probe at different Mach numbers is studied by numerical simulation. The short centerline probe is used to measure the Mach number of the core flow in the hole wall test section and the slot wall test section， respectively， and the test results are compared with those of the long centerline probe. The results show that the trend of Mach number curve measured by the short centerline probe in the two test sections is consistent with that of the reference value curve and the difference is small when Ma≤0.95. The difference between the measured value and the reference value of the hole wall test section is obviously smaller than that of the slot wall test section， and the anti head wave interference ability of the hole wall test section is stronger than that of the slot wall test section when Ma≥1.0.