The development and batch production of new generation aerospace products put forward higher requirements for manufacturing accuracy and processing quality. Intelligent manufacturing technology and equipment with industrial robot as the core is an effective way to solve the problem. However, the low positional accuracy and weak rigid structural properties of industrial robots seriously restrict their popularization and application in high-precision machining of aerospace components. Based on the global application status of robotic equipment in the aerospace manufacturing industry, this paper focuses on the research status of robotic stiffness enhancement strategies and precise compensation methods of positioning error, and analyzes the existing problems and technical difficulties of high-precision control methods. Finally, technology development trend of robot operation equipment in aerospace manufacturing is discussed, which provides reference for the research of robot high-precision manufacturing technology for aerospace products.