The aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil were calculated by using the aerodynamic characteristics of the computational fluid dynamics(CFD), and the results were compared with the experimental results of RAE282, NACA0012, OA212, OA207 and other characteristics. The accuracy of the calculation method was verified. Based on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil, the time step was incorperated into free vortex aerodynamic performance analysis method to carry out the rotor blade airfoil aerodynamic configuration optimization design. Hover and fly under the condition of the rotor were calculated and analyzed, and the rotor dynamic characteristics were obtained. Finally, the optimized layout of rotor airfoil was designed.