Particle filter is a real-time target tracking method based on Bayesian estimation theory and Monte Carlo theory with flexible parallel tracking method, which can better maintain the hypothetical state of tracking targets, and has better tracking effect and robustness. The video image tracking of the ascending segment aircraft is an important stage of target flight monitoring such as rockets. However, the video image tracking of the ascending segment of the aircraft mainly relies on manual operation of the PTZ controller to realize the tracking of the aircraft in the video image, which leads to some phenomena such as tracking lag and picture jitter, and the tracking effect is greatly affected by human factors. In this paper, the video image tracking method of the ascending segment aircraft based on particle filter method is proposed. The target particle filter tracking model of the aircraft is established to realize the identification and tracking of the aircraft target. Based on the identification and tracking, the PTZ control model is established. Through the intelligent control of the gimbal, the high-quality image tracking of the rising section of the aircraft is obtained. Finally, the video image emitted by the rocket is used as experimental data for model verification to verify the tracking effect of the aircraft target.