Some key technologies of Mars explorer during the descent and landing process are studied in this paper, including the parachute deployment control technology, the parachute line sail phenomenon of deployment process, the parachute inflation performance, and the dynamics characteristics of parachute-payload system. By the entry trajectory analysis of Mars explorer, an adaptive parachute opening control method with a dynamic pressure as the control target is proposed, and its principle and realization method are studied. Using the multi-rigid-body, multi-degree-of-freedom and multi-particle dynamics model of parachute deployment process, the numerical simulation results on parachute line sail phenomenon are also analyzed. It is found that the main reason of line sail phenomenon is the attack angle of vehicle, and the design of control measures to avoid line sail phenomena is put forward. The influences of atmosphere density on parachute inflation performance are investigated by the parachute inflation model of axial-radial momentum conversation. The regularities and characteristics of the atmospheric density on parachute inflation time, inflation distance, canopy project area, and opening load are obtained. Based on the dynamic model of the parachute-payload system, the dynamics characteristics of the parachute-payload system during the descent process in the Martian environment are studied. These research results are importantly valuable for engineering design, test and evaluating performance of the descent and landing system of Mars explorer in China.