The shape measurement and the error evaluation of aircraft components are keys to the improvement of aircraft assembly quality. Since the target object is usually very large and different components have different test standards, to fulfill the demands of high precision, high efficiency and no special tooling for the measure system, an adaptive control method of intelligent three-dimensional (3D) mobile platform based on laser tracker is proposed. This technology uses the laser tracker as measurement tool and regards rectangular 3D servo mechanism as the auxiliary positioning device for the target. By receiving the target position from the tracer dynamically, an entire closed-loop control of multi-station and autonomous mobile of the measurement mechanism with the optimal path is realized based on the task planning and the optimization of the 3D servo mechanism and the guided vehicle, thus improving the positioning accuracy of the target and the efficiency of measurement at the same time. The measured data are analyzed online rapidly, and the error distribution is obtained, which accurately reflects the measure error. Experimental results show that the method has high precision and can be used to measure large components effectively, which meets the requirements of aircraft component measurement.