In order to investigate the influence on heat transfer performance of heat pipe cold plate under vibration and acceleration conditions, ordinary copper-water heat pipe cold plate and micro-heat pipe array cold plate with different structures are chosen as the research objects, and the vibration test bed and acceleration test bed are established. The experimental results show that the Z-direction vibration and acceleration have the greater impact on heat transfer performance of the heat pipe cold plate than X-direction and Y-direction vibration and acceleration, but the effects of vibration can be ignored, and acceleration has more effect on micro-heat pipe array cold plate than on the double-U copper-water heat pipe cold plate. Also, the acceleration increase has little effect on the heat transfer characteristics of heat pipe cold plate. The double-U heat pipe cold plate has the best performance under vibration and acceleration conditions.