The air-driving ducted fan propulsion system is a new design for vertical takeoff and landing power systems which consists of a turbofan engine and an air-driving ducted fan. The air-driving ducted fan is driven by the air intake of the turbofan’s bypass, thus achieving efficient lift enhancement. The previous study on transition control schedule cannot project the dual-axis acceleration process. When designing an acceleration control plan for air-driving ducted fan, it results in thrust fluctuations during the acceleration process of the air-driving ducted fan. In order to achieve dual-axis coordinated acceleration between the air-driving ducted fan and the turbofan, a relatively universal acceleration process control plan design method is proposed. Firstly, three different forms of variable substitution models are established based on the systematic simulation model of air driven ducted fan propulsion. Variable substitution models can solve the control variables in reverse according to the given state variables. A phased acceleration control plan design process based on different state constraints is proposed. According to the different state constraints experienced by the acceleration process propulsion system, the control variables are solved in reverse using a variable substitution model to obtain the acceleration process control plan. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional variable replacement method, the designed ducted fan acceleration control plan achieves dual rotor coordinated acceleration to reach the target speed, reduces thrust overshoot by 3.3%, shortens adjustment time by 1.7 s, and avoids thrust fluctuations.