Aiming at the problem of the energy storage and supply of the lunar base for the lunar nights， a lunar night power generation system based on the spectral adaptive absorption/ emission panel and the lunar soil heat storage is proposed. By using the processed lunar soil， the system can store solar radiative energy during lunar days and generate electricity during lunar nights. In addition， the system achieves high absorption in the solar radiation band （0.3—2.5 μm） and low emission in the infrared band （3—30 μm） during lunar days， and realizes high infrared emission during lunar nights by using a spectrally adaptive absorption/emission panel. The solar collector panel and the radiation heat dissipation panel are combined into one to greatly reduce the payload during earth-moon transportation and the launch cost. The simulation results show that the specific power of this system is about 5.12 W/kg， while the specific power of the photovoltaic-lithium battery system is about 0.83 W/kg. Besides， the total launch mass of the system is reduced by about 83% compared with the photovoltaic-lithium battery system with the same amount of energy storage.