To rationally allocate air traffic rights （ATR） and avoid vicious competition of airlines for scarce passenger air traffic right resources， the air traffic right allocation problem （ATRAP） is proposed originally， and a mixed integer programming （MIP） model for this problem was established. The model aims at reasonably allocating scarce ATR resources to domestic airlines and international airports. With the known origin-destination （OD） distribution of passengers of two countries， the objective of this model is to minimize the travel mileage of passengers， and comprehensively considers the level of international hub airport， the competitiveness level of airlines and market share. Constraints include air traffic right resources， airline operating capacity， flight load， etc. Then a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem， and the optimization solver named CPLEX as well as the genetic algorithm is used to carry out calculation example experiments to verify the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm. Finally， the practical application of the allocation of ATR between China and France is carried out.