In order to analyze the dynamic load caused by uneven airport pavement, the relationship between international roughness index (IRI) and power spectral density (PSD) of airport pavement is studied. The dynamic load characteristic based on aircraft-pavement interaction is analyzed by building a quarter aircraft model，and a probability-based analysis model of dynamic load coefficient under aerodynamic correction is established. Finally, taking a certain aircraft type for example, the influence factors of dynamic load coefficient are discussed. The results indicate that the dynamic load coefficient increases at first and then decreases with the increase of velocity. The grade of airport pavement roughness is the most critical factor influencing the dynamic effect of aircraft on pavement. The relationship between air craft weight and lift impact factor (LIF) is nonlinear, so the change of dynamic load coefficient with the increase of the aircraft weight is nonlinear. When the aircraft is taxiing at a high-speed, the discrete degree of dynamic load coefficient changing with aircraft weight is greater, and as the aircraft weight increases, the dynamic effect of aircraft on pavement increases. Dynamic load coefficient approximatively linearly changes with the increase of the stiffness of aircraft wheel tire, damping and stiffness of fuselage buffer system. The damping of fuselage buffer system increases, then the dynamic load coefficient decreases. The stiffness of aircraft wheel tire and fuselage buffer system increases, then the dynamic load coefficient increases.