In recent years， large-aperture space optical telescope has become more and more important in space scientific exploration and fine earth observation because of its high image quality， wide band and wide range. The main bearing structure of large-aperture telescope and the supporting structure of large optical components often use truss structure. Focusing on the realization of the ultra light and ultra stable characteristics of truss structure， this paper systematically combs its theoretical basis， research methods and application status from the aspects of configuration optimization design， new materials， advanced manufacturing technology and accurate measurement and calibration methods， and discusses the development trend of space truss structure technology.