Magnetically controlled welding technology， as an efficient and high-quality metal welding method， possesses broad application prospects in the field of aerospace material processing. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the basic principles， technical classifications， applications in aerospace materials， as well as the current research status and development trends of magnetically controlled welding. By analyzing the impact of magnetically controlled welding on arc morphology， droplet transfer， molten pool flow， and solidification processes， the advantages of this technology in improving weld bead formation quality and enhancing mechanical properties are explored. Furthermore， with specific case studies and data analysis， the future development of magnetically controlled welding technology in the aerospace industry is identified.