An adaptive fault-tolerant control method based on improved imperial competition algorithm is proposed to suppress the faults of micro gas turbine actuators. A component-level integrated model of micro-gas turbine power generation system is established and a method of adaptive reform probability is proposed to improve imperial competition algorithm. Then, an adaptive fuzzy logic protection controller based on improved imperial competition algorithm is designd. Finally, the improved algorithm test and the simulation experiment of micro gas turbine power generation system is carried out. The results show that the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper can significantly improve the dynamic performance when the fault occurs and ensure the stable operation of the power generation system.