For meeting the need of monitoring dynamic/static load of plate structure in the aerospace field, the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing characteristics based on aluminum plate structure are researched. From the perspective of monitoring static load, the relationships between the offset of FBG center wavelength and the loading distance, the loading size and the loading angle are obtained. From the perspective of monitoring dynamic load, under loading with different distance and angles, the response characteristics about the maximum peak amplitude of FBG center wavelength and the eigenvalue of energy spectrum based on wavelet packet decomposition changing with the impact loading are obtained. The results show that under dynamic/static load, FBG center wavelength offset increases with the increase of the load, which shows a good monotone increasing relationship. In addition, FBG shows a good sensitive characteristic of load-direction, and the response sensitivity gradually increases with the increase of loading angle. These features can provide useful help for further study on identifying staticand dynamic load as well as monitoring damage of plate structure based on FBG sensors.